Shigeo Fukuda (1932-2009)
Shigeo Fukuda was a sculptor, medallist, graphic artist and poster designer who created optical illusions. His art pieces usually portray deception, such as Lunch With a Helmet On, a sculpture created entirely from forks, knives, and spoons, that casts a detailed shadow of a motorcycle.
Fukuda’s trademark style developed from an early interest in Swiss graphic design and its stark contrast to contemporary Japanese work. The limited colour palettes and reductive line work remained at the heart of his work until his death in 2009. Testament to Fukuda’s skill was his induction into the Art Directors Club Hall of Fame in 1987 – the first Japanese designer to be awarded such an honour – who described him as “Japan’s consummate visual communicator.”
He later entered the Nippon Design Center in 1960 where he collaborated with other notable Japanese designers such as Shigeo Fukuda and Ikko Tanaka.
Link - collaborated with Shigeo Fukuda in the Nippon Centre in 1960
Tandori Yokoo (1936)
Tadanori Yokoo is one of Japan’s most well-known artists, who began working with painting in 1966. In parallel, Yokoo’s early screenprints combined photographs with the influence of traditional Japanese ukiyo-e (woodblock prints) and pop art’s flat colours and overtly sexual content. Awarded the Grand Prize for Prints at the 6th Paris Youth Biennale in 1969, Yokoo experimented with collage and illustration, re-appropriating found photographs and images, which reflected on the rapid changes and Westernisation of Japan post-war society. His work became influenced by mysticism following his trip to India in the 1970s, resulting in posters with eclectic imagery sharing the aesthetics of the underground psychedelic magazines of the time.
Began as a stage designer for Avant Garde Theatre in Tokyo. His early work shows influences from New York based Push Pin studio (especially Milton Glaser), but he most notably cites filmmaker Akiro Kurosawa and writer Yukio Mishima.
In the late 1960’s he became mysticism and psychedelica, likened to the psychedelic poster design Peter Max.
Inspired by the work of Push Pin studio - links to Milton Glaser, and has links to New York as he was part of The Museum of Modern Art in 1968
Milton Glaser (1929)
Milton Glaser is an American graphic designer. His designs include the I ❤ NY logo, the psychedelic Bob Dylan poster, and the logos for DC Comics and Brooklyn Brewery. In 1954, he also co-founded Push Pin Studios, co-founded New York magazine with Clay Felker, and established Milton Glaser, Inc. in 1974.
His inspiration for the I ❤ NY logo was taken from Robert Indianas’ LOVE design, first appearing in 1965.
Robert Indiana (1928-2018)
Robert Indiana was an American artist associated with the pop art movement. His "LOVE" print, first created for the Museum of Modern Art's Christmas card in 1965, was the basis for his 1970 Love sculpture and the widely distributed 1973 United States Postal Service "LOVE" stamp.
Art born in the idealism of the 60s - psychedelic design
Wes Wilson (1937)
Wes Wilson is an American artist and one of the leading designers of psychedelic posters. Best known for designing posters for Bill Graham of The Fillmore in San Francisco, he invented a style that is now synonymous with the peace movement, psychedelic era and the 1960s.
Used approaches that gave the illusion of images melting or moving
Bridget Riley (1931)
Bridget Louise Riley CH CBE is an English painter well-known for Op art. She lives and works in London, Cornwall and the Vaucluse in France.
Op art, short for Optical art, is a style of abstraction that relies on geometric shapes, lines, and color juxtapositions to create optical illusions for the viewer. Gaining popularity in the 1960s, such art often feature patterns, grids, and effects like curving or diminishing objects. The Op art movement was driven by artists who were interested in investigating various perceptual effects.
Optical illusions featured in her work; similarities with Shigeo Fukuda which shows the westernisation of Japan following the war
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